To make a motor shaft exquisite, you must first do a good job in the rough machining process!
Author:
Release Time:
2025-05-15
Introduction: One of the important components of motor products is the shaft. Different operating conditions and specifications of products are reflected in different degrees on the motor shaft. Highly concentrated steps are a distinct feature of the shaft, which has the function of converting electrical energy and mechanical energy.
Rough machining
Rough turning and finish turning are the two processes of shaft turning. These are carried out on two lathes with different precision, which is a more economical arrangement of processes. Literally, the rough turning of the shaft seems unimportant, but improper handling of this process often leads to many problems, such as damage to the center hole.
Micro-turning is the process of achieving the required dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the shaft. Finish turning has higher requirements and requires skilled workers to perform it on more precise lathes. If the center hole of the shaft is worn after rough turning, the center hole must be re-corrected to obtain an accurate machining positioning reference before finish turning can be completed.
Rough turning is to remove most of the machining allowance of the shaft blank to obtain a contour shape similar to the shaft and the machining allowance required for precision turning. In order to improve productivity, our goal is to minimize the amount of chips per unit time. Therefore, rough turning requires a large cutting volume, high working temperature, high lathe power, and firm clamping.
Many clamping methods are used during the rough turning process. Usually, one end of the shaft is clamped with a four-jaw chuck, and the other end is supported by a center. （ Generally use a live center ） ）support. This method is firmly clamped and has low vibration, but requires turning the head. If a heart clip is used for clamping, one end of the shaft is sleeved on the dead center of the headstock, and the shaft is clamped with the heart clip; the other end is supported by the live center on the tailstock. The heart clip is convenient to clamp, but the adjustment range is small and only suitable for small diameter shafts.
For large production batches, pneumatic chucks or hydraulic chucks can also be used to clamp small and medium-sized shafts. On single-shaft semi-automatic lathes, automatic clamping chucks are often used to clamp the shaft to save auxiliary time.
During rough turning, the shaft extension end is usually turned out first, and it must be carried out in stages and sections. In mass production, multi-tool machining or copying machining is often used, especially in the machining of multi-stage small and medium-sized motor shafts. Multi-tool machining can be performed on multi-tool semi-automatic lathes or ordinary lathes.
During multi-tool machining, several cutting tools simultaneously machine several surfaces of the workpiece, which can shorten machine time and auxiliary time, thereby greatly improving productivity. However, the disadvantage of this machining method is that adjusting the tools is time-consuming, the cutting force is large, and the power required by the machine tool is also large.
The copying machining of the shaft can be performed on a hydraulic copying semi-automatic lathe, or on an ordinary lathe with a hydraulic copying tool holder. The characteristics of hydraulic copying machining are that it can reduce the labor intensity of workers, reduce the auxiliary time for measuring parts, and improve productivity.
Strong cutting or high-speed cutting is often used during rough turning, with deep cutting depth and fast feed rate. For this reason, the cutting tool should be strong and have a large heat dissipation surface.
Rough turning precautions
1. The shaft should be clamped tightly to prevent the chuck from loosening and damaging the cutting tool during turning;
2. The center should not be too tight or too loose. When using a dead center, add lubricating oil frequently to prevent the center from getting stuck in the center hole and the center and center hole from being worn;
3. Leave a certain amount of finish turning allowance.
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