To produce a refined motor shaft, the rough machining process must be done well first!

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Release Time:

2025-05-15

Introduction: One of the important components of motor products is the shaft. Different operating conditions and different specifications of products will have different degrees of reflection on the motor shaft. Stepped shafts are a prominent feature, with the function of converting electrical energy and mechanical energy.

Rough Machining

Rough turning and finish turning are the two processes of shaft turning. They are carried out on two lathes with different precisions, which is a more economical arrangement. From a literal point of view, rough turning of the shaft seems unimportant, but improper handling of this link often leads to many problems, such as damage to the center hole.

Fine turning is the process of achieving the required dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the shaft. Finish turning has higher requirements and needs skilled workers on more precise lathes. If the center hole of the shaft is worn after rough turning, the center hole must be recalibrated to obtain an accurate machining positioning datum before finish turning can be completed.

Rough turning removes most of the machining allowance of the shaft blank to obtain a similar profile shape to the shaft and the machining allowance required for precision turning. To improve productivity, our goal is to minimize the amount of chips per unit time. Therefore, rough turning requires large cutting amount, high working temperature, large lathe power, and firm clamping.

Many clamping methods are used in the rough turning process. Usually, one end of the shaft is clamped with a four-jaw chuck, and the other end is supported by a center （ Generally, a live center is used ） This method is firmly clamped and has low vibration, but requires turning the shaft. In the case of using a dog chuck, one end of the shaft is fitted on the dead center of the lathe headstock, and the shaft is clamped with a dog chuck; the other end is supported by the live center on the tailstock. The dog chuck is convenient to clamp, but the adjustment range is small, and it is only suitable for shafts with small diameters.

For large-scale production, pneumatic chucks or hydraulic chucks can also be used to clamp small and medium-sized shafts. On single-axis semi-automatic lathes, automatic clamping chucks are often used to clamp the shafts to save auxiliary time.

During rough turning, the shaft extension end is usually turned first, and it must be carried out step by step. In mass production, multi-tool machining or profile machining is often used, especially in the machining of small and medium-sized motor shafts with multiple steps. Multi-tool machining can be carried out on multi-tool semi-automatic lathes or ordinary lathes.

In multi-tool machining, several cutting tools simultaneously machine several surfaces of the workpiece, which can shorten the machining time and auxiliary time, thereby greatly improving productivity. However, the disadvantages of this machining method are that it takes a long time to adjust the tools, and the cutting force is large, and the power required by the machine tool is also large.

Profile machining of shafts can be carried out on hydraulic profile semi-automatic lathes, or on ordinary lathes using hydraulic profile tool holders. The characteristics of hydraulic profile machining are that it can reduce the labor intensity of workers, reduce the auxiliary time for measuring parts, and improve productivity.

Heavy cutting or high-speed cutting is often used in rough turning, with deep cuts and fast feed rates. Therefore, the cutting tool should be strong and have a large heat dissipation area.

Precautions for Rough Turning

1. The shaft must be clamped firmly to prevent the chuck from loosening and damaging the cutting tool during turning;

2. The center should not be too tight or too loose. When using a dead center, add lubricating oil frequently to prevent the center from jamming the center hole and the center and center hole from being worn;

3. Leave a certain amount of allowance for finish turning.

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To produce a refined motor shaft, the rough machining process must be done well first!