What are the differences between the transmissions of new energy vehicles and those of traditional vehicles?
Author:
Release Time:
2025-04-14
The powertrain has undergone a dramatic transformation in the age of new energy vehicles. Because electric motors have a wide and efficient operating range, output power can be controlled simply by adjusting the input current, achieving vehicle acceleration and deceleration. This makes the gearbox, which has always been considered a key component, seem "redundant". While traditional cars constantly pursue higher speeds, most electric vehicles only need a single-stage reducer to transfer power from the electric motor to the wheels.
Why is there a saying that electric vehicles don't need a gearbox?
The driving power source of an electric vehicle is a motor. Compared with an engine, a motor has a difference: under constant power conditions, the slower the speed, the greater the torque; the higher the speed, the smaller the torque. Therefore, when the power supply to the drive motor of an electric vehicle is constant, that is, when the power input is constant, the motor can automatically output the torque required for the electric vehicle to overcome resistance, and the maximum speed under that resistance can be obtained. From the perspective of the acceleration process, at every point in time during acceleration, the motor always automatically reduces the torque in exchange for the highest speed at that point in time. In this way, the motor itself has the characteristics of a gearbox, and no additional gearbox is needed, allowing the wheels of the electric vehicle to flexibly and automatically output different torques to overcome the forward resistance.
Do electric vehicles really not need a gearbox?
It's possible to not use a gearbox, but that doesn't mean it's always unnecessary; not using a gearbox + clutch, electric vehicles can perform the basic functions of driving; but if a gearbox + clutch is matched to an electric vehicle, it can be icing on the cake. The core configuration of a new energy vehicle is an electric motor, and the biggest difference compared to an engine is that the power of the electric motor is constant, it can overcome the torque required to overcome resistance, and the maximum speed under that resistance can be obtained. The electric motor itself has the attributes of a gearbox, so it does not need to be additionally equipped.
Do all new energy vehicles not need a gearbox?
Currently New energy vehicles series Pure electric, and fuel cell vehicles currently mostly use single-stage reducers. In the future, with improved energy consumption requirements, they may develop into multi-stage reducers; parallel systems mostly use existing automatic gearboxes for modification or use electric drive bridges; hybrid systems mostly use dedicated hybrid gearboxes. Overall, new energy vehicles still need gearboxes. In recent years, new gearboxes such as two-speed gearboxes, coaxial gearboxes, gearboxes with integrated electronic disconnect differentials, gearboxes with integrated dual-clutch differentials, three-in-one assemblies of motor controllers and gearboxes, and gearboxes with integrated engine-motor generators have emerged.
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